ISLAMIC REVIVAL AND MODERNITY; YHE CONTEMPORARY MOVEMENT AND THE HISTORICAL PARADIGMS

       The contem porary Islamic movement are both a response to the conditions of modernity to the centralization of state power and the development of capitalist of economies and a cultural expression of modernity. The emphasis upon Islamic values is not intended as a return to some past era but represents an effort to cope with contemporary problems by renewed commitment to basic principles, through not the historical details, of Islamic. Contemporary movements have predecessors in a similar wave of 18^th and 19^th century Islamic revival responding to breakdown of muslims empires and the economic and the colonial instructions of Europe. Behind these movements lie earlier reformist teaching and the example of the prophet Muhammad himself, a lasting paradigm for how muslims cope with changing worldly realities.

    The contemporary world wild wave of Islamic revivalist movement is a direct response to the global changes that constitute modernity. The modernization of societies, including the formation of national states, the organization of capitalist economies, technological, and scientific development and the cultural and social changes that the accompany these phenomenon, has generated religious movement among muslims, Christian, jews, and hindus and other populist, nativist, and nationalist movement. Like many of movement Islamic revival movement may be understood as a reaction against modernity, but more profoundly they are also expression of modernity. At the same time, the Islamic revival movement are not new phenomenon. The past history of Islamic societies contains many examples of reform and revival movement that development as a response to changes political and economic conditions. These movement may be traced back to the example of the prophet himself whose.

       The terms commonly used for Islamic revival movement for fundamentalist, islamist  or revivalist. I describe them as revivalist to express the spirit of revitalization implied in the contemporary movement and to echo the term tajdid or renewal which is applied to the preceding 18^th and 19^th century movement. Without going into lengthy discussion of the meaning of modernization, I use the term to refer  the processes of centralization of state power and development of commercialized or capitalist economies which entail the social and cultural changes we call modernity.